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Chinese Characters
Introduction
Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin
romanization system in use. Hanyu means the Chinese language, and pinyin means
"spell sound", or the spelling of the sound. It is used to teach Chinese
schoolchildren and foreign learners the standard pronunciation of Mandarin
Chinese, to spell Chinese names in foreign publications. It has also become a
useful tool for entering Chinese language text into computers.
Initials and Finals
The pronunciation of Chinese is generally given in terms of initials and finals,
which represent the segmental phonemic portion of the language. Initials are
initial consonants, while finals are all possible combinations of medial
(semivowels coming before the vowel), the nucleus vowel, and coda (final vowel
or consonant).
(1). Initials
|
b |
p |
m
|
f
|
d |
t |
n |
l |
|
玻 |
坡 |
摸 |
佛 |
得 |
特 |
讷 |
勒 |
|
zh |
ch |
sh |
r |
z |
c |
s |
|
知 |
蚩 |
诗 |
日 |
资 |
雌 |
思 |
(2). Finals
|
|
|
-
i
|
- 衣
|
-
u
|
- 乌
|
-
ü
|
- 迂
|
-
ɑ
|
- 啊
|
-
iɑ
|
- 呀
|
-
uɑ
|
- 蛙
|
-
|
-
|
-
o
|
- 喔
|
-
|
-
|
-
uo
|
- 窝
|
-
|
|
-
e
|
- 鹅
|
-
ie
|
- 耶
|
-
|
-
|
-
üe
|
- 约
|
-
ɑi
|
- 哀
|
-
|
-
|
-
uɑi
|
- 歪
|
-
|
-
|
-
ei
|
- 诶
|
-
|
-
|
-
uei
|
- 威
|
-
|
-
|
-
ɑo
|
- 熬
|
-
iɑo
|
- 腰
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
ou
|
- 欧
|
-
iou
|
- 忧
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
ɑn
|
- 安
|
-
iɑn
|
- 烟
|
-
uɑn
|
- 弯
|
-
üɑn
|
- 冤
|
-
en
|
- 恩
|
-
in
|
- 因
|
-
uen
|
- 温
|
-
ün
|
- 晕
|
-
ɑnɡ
|
- 昂
|
-
iɑnɡ
|
- 央
|
-
uɑnɡ
|
- 汪
|
-
|
-
|
-
enɡ
|
- 亨的韵母
|
-
inɡ
|
- 英
|
-
uenɡ
|
- 翁
|
-
|
-
|
-
onɡ
|
- 轰的韵母
|
-
ionɡ
|
- 雍
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Lessons
Lesson 1. Initials _ b p
m f d t n l
Lesson 2. Initials _ g k
h j q x
Lesson 3. Initials _ zh
ch sh r z c s
Lesson 4. Finals _ a o e
ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong
Lesson 5. Finals _ i ia
ie iao iou ian in iang ing iong
Lesson 6. Finals _ u ua
uo uai uei uan uen uang ueng
Lesson 7. Finals _ ü üe
üɑn ün
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